Ceramic wastewater separation

Ceramic wastewater separation refers to the process of using a series of physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies to remove harmful substances from wastewater generated during the ceramic production process, reduce its pollution level, and make it meet the discharge standards or recycling requirements. This type of wastewater mainly contains pollutants such as siliceous suspended particles, mineral suspended particles, chemical raw material suspended particles, grease, heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, zinc, iron, etc.) and indirect cooling water with elevated temperature. The following are the main methods and technologies for ceramic wastewater separation: Physical treatment 1. Pretreatment and screen: - Remove larger suspended matter and particles in wastewater, such as broken porcelain pieces, mud and sand, etc., to prevent subsequent treatment facilities from clogging. 2. Sedimentation: - Adjust the pH value of wastewater, promote the formation of insoluble precipitates by suspended particles and heavy metal ions, and achieve solid-liquid separation through gravity. 3. Flotation: - Use bubbles to carry fine suspended particles or oil droplets to float, and separate them by scraping or overflow. 4. Filtration: - Use sand filtration, membrane filtration (such as ceramic membrane separation technology) and other means to intercept tiny particles and colloids in wastewater to improve the effluent quality. 5. Centrifugal separation: - The wastewater containing a large amount of suspended matter is rotated at high speed to separate solids and liquids by centrifugal force. 6. Cooling: - Cooling the indirect cooling water with a high temperature to reduce its impact on the ecological environment. Chemical treatment 1. Coagulation: - Adding coagulants to the wastewater to make the suspended particles and colloids condense into larger flocs, which are convenient for precipitation or filtration removal. 2. Chemical precipitation: - Adding chemical reagents (such as lime, sulfide, etc.) to react with heavy metal ions in the wastewater to form insoluble precipitates, which are separated by precipitation. 3. Oxidation-reduction: - Using chemical oxidants (such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) or reducing agents (such as ferrous sulfate) to change the chemical form of harmful substances in the wastewater and improve their removability. **4. **Electrochemical treatment**: - Applying electric field to promote the migration of ions in the wastewater and electrochemical reactions, while using the adsorption and catalytic effects of the electrode surface to remove pollutants. ### **Biological treatment****1. **Activated sludge method**: - Use microbial communities to decompose organic matter in wastewater under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, converting it into carbon dioxide, water and microbial biomass. 2. Biofilm method: - Microorganisms attach to the surface of fixed carriers (such as fillers, bio-rotating discs, etc.) to form biofilms, and biodegradation reactions occur when wastewater flows through the biofilms. 3. Anaerobic digestion: - Under anaerobic conditions, anaerobic microorganisms are used to decompose organic matter, produce biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) as energy recovery, and reduce the organic load of wastewater. 4. Bioaugmentation technology: - Introduce or cultivate specific efficient microbial strains to enhance the biodegradability of specific pollutants (such as certain difficult-to-degrade organic matter or heavy metals). Combined process and resource recovery1. Multi-stage treatment system: - Combine the above physical, chemical and biological methods to design multi-stage series or parallel treatment units to reduce the concentration of pollutants step by step. 2. Advanced oxidation technologies (AOPs): - Such as Fenton reaction, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, etc., used to treat refractory organic matter, improve the biodegradability of wastewater or directly mineralize pollutants. 3. Membrane separation technology: - Such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, etc., used for deep desalination, concentration of organic matter or recovery of useful components. 4. Evaporation and crystallization: - Evaporation and concentration of pre-treated wastewater, followed by cooling and crystallization to separate recyclable salts or other valuable compounds. 5. Resource recovery: - Recover useful resources from treated wastewater, such as water resource reuse, metal ion recovery, heat recovery, etc. Process selection and optimization In actual applications, the selection and design of ceramic wastewater separation process should consider the following factors: - Wastewater characteristics (composition, concentration, pH, temperature, etc.) - Emission standards and regulatory requirements - Treatment costs and economic benefits - The possibility and value of resource recovery - Site conditions and environmental impacts The most suitable treatment process route and operating parameters are determined through laboratory small-scale tests, pilot experiments and mathematical model simulations to ensure that the wastewater is effectively treated while maximizing resource recovery and economic benefits as much as possible.