Sludge dewatering equipment: principle, type and maintenance

In the key process of sewage treatment, sludge dewatering equipment is like a silent hero behind the scenes, shouldering the heavy task of dewatering the sludge generated in the sewage treatment process. Its core mission is to significantly reduce the moisture content of sludge, thereby paving a convenient way for subsequent diversified sludge disposal methods such as landfill, incineration, and composting, and laying a solid foundation. 1. Multiple types have their own strengths 1. Plate and frame filter press: the advantages and disadvantages of the classic choice-its working principle is like a delicate dance of pressure and filtration. Multiple filter plates and filter frames are arranged alternately and neatly, with filter cloth firmly sandwiched between them, together forming the core structure of dehydration. When the sludge flows into the internal space of the plate frame under the strong push of the pump, under the continuous pressure, the water is like an obedient elf, slowly flowing out through the filter cloth, while the solid particles are gently intercepted by the filter cloth and gradually accumulate to form a filter cake. - It has significant advantages, and its dehydration effect is excellent. It can significantly reduce the moisture content of sludge to a low level of 40% - 60%, just like a precise moisture control master. The structural design is simple and clear, and the operation process is stable and reliable, just like a calm old man, which makes people feel at ease. In addition, the selection range of its filtration area is extremely wide, just like a variety of packages carefully prepared for users with different needs, which can be flexibly selected according to actual conditions. - However, it is not perfect. The operation process is relatively cumbersome and complicated, just like a stage play that needs to be carefully choreographed. After each filtration is completed, the filter cake needs to be manually removed, which consumes manpower and time. The equipment occupies an area like a huge giant and requires a large space to be placed. Moreover, the filter cloth is very easy to get blocked during long-term use, just like the congestion on the main road, and needs to be cleaned or replaced regularly to maintain its normal operation. 2. Centrifugal dehydrator: a pioneer of efficient and automated technology - The working principle shows the charm of high technology. With the powerful centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge, it is like an invisible storm of power, which instantly starts the journey of separation between solid particles and liquid in the sludge. It is mainly composed of key components such as the drum, screw conveyor, differential, etc., like an elite team with tacit cooperation. When the sludge steps into the "stage" of the drum, under the magical power of centrifugal force, the solid particles are thrown to the inner wall of the drum like meteors, quickly forming mud cakes, while the liquid is discharged in an orderly manner through the small holes on the drum. The screw conveyor is like a diligent porter, pushing the mud cake steadily to the mud outlet. - Its advantages are dazzling, with a high degree of automation, like an intelligent robot, without too much human intervention, it can operate continuously and efficiently, with powerful processing capacity, just like a tireless working machine. It occupies a relatively small area, like a small and exquisite elf, and can be freely displayed in a limited space. Moreover, it is not prone to clogging, just like an unobstructed highway, ensuring the continuity of work. - However, it also has its own shortcomings. The equipment investment and operating costs are like two towering mountains, which are relatively high and discourage many users. The dehydration effect is slightly inferior to that of the plate and frame filter press, and it can generally only reduce the sludge moisture content to a range of 70% - 80%. The technical requirements for equipment maintenance are like a difficult technical peak to climb, requiring professional technicians and sophisticated equipment to maintain it to ensure that it is always in good operating condition. 3. Belt filter press: a simple, practical and economical choice - The working principle is full of mechanical rhythm and power. The two tensioned filter belts above and below are like two tough ribbons, tightly clamping the sludge layer, winding through a series of neatly and regularly arranged rollers in an S-shaped shuttle. Relying on the tension of the filter belt itself, it cleverly forms the squeezing and shearing force on the sludge layer, like a gentle and powerful massage, slowly squeezing out the capillary water in the sludge layer, and finally harvesting the mud cake with high solid content. - Its advantages are obvious at a glance, simple and convenient to operate, like an easy-to-use tool, can run continuously and uninterruptedly, the processing capacity should not be underestimated, the equipment cost is relatively low, just like a people-friendly partner, providing a suitable choice for users with limited budgets. - But it also has shortcomings, the dehydration effect is relatively general, usually only the sludge moisture content can be reduced to the range of 75% - 85%. The filter belt is easy to wear during long-term friction and extrusion, just like a warrior's armor will gradually break, and it needs to be replaced regularly to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. Moreover, it has poor adaptability to sludge of different properties, just like a picky child, it may be unable to cope with complex and diverse sludge. 2. Careful maintenance to ensure long-term effectiveness 1. Daily inspection: meticulous safety protection - Conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection of the connection status of each component of the equipment, just like a doctor performing a full-body examination on a patient, to check whether there are loose "joints" or leaking "wounds". - Use keen observation to monitor the sound and vibration of the equipment during operation. They are like the "language" and "pulse" of the equipment. If there is any abnormality, it should be stopped and checked in time as if hearing an alarm to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. - Carefully check the pressure, flow, speed and other parameters displayed on the instrument. These parameters are like the "vital signs" of the equipment to determine whether they are within a normal and reasonable range, so as to detect potential problems in time. 2. Regular maintenance: a persistent way of care - Provide lubricating "nourishment" for the mechanical transmission parts of the equipment, such as gears, chains, bearings, etc., to make them run as smoothly as silk, reduce friction loss, and extend service life. - Regularly conduct deep cleaning of the inside and outside of the equipment, just like giving the equipment a thorough "bath", remove residual sludge and debris, prevent them from causing corrosion and clogging problems like "germs", and ensure the healthy operation of the equipment. - Carefully check and replace wearing parts in time, such as the filter cloth of the plate and frame filter press, the seals and worn parts of the centrifugal dehydrator, etc., just like replacing worn-out "parts" for the equipment, to ensure that the equipment always maintains a good working condition. 3. Fault handling: Rapid response emergency strategy - For common faults such as the rupture of the filter plate of the plate and frame filter press, excessive vibration of the centrifugal dehydrator, and deviation of the filter belt of the belt filter press, carefully formulate corresponding emergency plans, just like a "first aid manual" prepared for the equipment. Once a fault occurs, it can respond quickly and eliminate the fault in time, just like a firefighter putting out a fire, minimizing equipment downtime and reducing the impact on production.